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Organic Chemistry — Practice Set 7

The capstone set: structure determination and the organic chemistry of life. Infrared spectroscopy (diagnostic stretches and the fingerprint region), ¹H and ¹³C NMR (chemical shift, integration, spin–spin splitting and the n+1 rule, carbon environments), mass spectrometry (the molecular ion, base peak, isotope patterns and fragmentation) and UV–Vis (conjugation and chromophores); degree-of-unsaturation analysis and combined-spectra structure elucidation; multistep synthesis, retrosynthetic analysis, functional-group interconversions and protecting groups; and the four classes of biomolecule — carbohydrates, amino acids and proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids — with their characteristic linkages. Structures and spectra are described in inline notation.