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Organic Chemistry — Practice Set 3

How organic reactions happen: curly-arrow notation and bond cleavage (homolysis vs heterolysis), nucleophiles and electrophiles, the reactive intermediates (carbocations, carbanions, radicals and carbenes) and their relative stabilities, 1,2-hydride and alkyl shifts, reaction types and energy profiles, transition states, the Hammond postulate, kinetic versus thermodynamic control, and organic acidity and basicity (pKa and the resonance, inductive, electronegativity and hybridisation factors behind them). Mechanisms and structures are shown in inline notation.